| Antagonist |
A substance that counteracts the effect of another substance. |
| API |
Active product ingredience |
| CA125 |
Cancer antigen 125, diagnostic tumour marker |
| Chemotherapy |
The treatment of cancer with cytostatics |
| CNS |
Central Nervous System |
| Cytostatics |
Drugs that are used to inhibit tumor growth |
| Cytotoxic |
Toxic for cells |
| EMEA |
European Medicines Agency. The European regulatory drug agency |
| Excipient |
Carrier, inactive substance used as carrier of an active pharmaceutical ingredient |
| FDA |
Food and Drug Administration. The US regulatory drug agency |
| GCP |
Good Clinical Practice. International quality guidelines for clinical studies. |
| GLP |
Good Laboratory Practice. International quality guidelines for developing of pharmaceutical products. |
| GMP |
International quality guidelines for the production of food and pharmaceutical products |
| Hyperglycemia |
Abnormal high blood sugar concentration |
| IND |
Investigative New Drug application |
| Immunostimulating |
Substances that directly or indirectly stimulate the body's own immune system |
| Infusion |
The way of administering a drug in liquid form. Infusion often takes place intravenously, i.e. in a vein. |
| Isomer |
Alternative form (molecular structure) of a chemical |
| Ionizing radiation |
Electromagnetic radiation with short wave lengths and a high energy content (e.g. X-rays) |
| Lymphoma |
A form of cancer of the lymphoid tissue |
| Malignant melanoma |
A form of skin cancer in the skin's melanocytes, i.e. the cells that form the skin's protective pigment, melanin |
| Melanin |
The pigment that is formed by a special type of skin cell, melanocytes. |
| Micelle |
A collection of spherical structures with the ability to form aggregates |
| Mastocytoma |
A form of skin cancer |
| Nanometer |
One-billioneth of a meter. The size is equivalent with molecules and molecular structures |
| Nanoparticle |
A particle whose size is measured in nanometers, 10-9m. |
| Neurotoxicity |
The quality of exerting a destructive or negative effect upon nerve tissue |
| NSCLC |
Non-small cellular lung cancer |
| Oncology |
The study of tumors |
| Paclitaxel |
The first taxane that was extracted from the yew tree. Today, one of the most common cytostatics. |
| Pharmacokinetics |
The study of the of the distribution and absorption over a period of time of a drug or another substance |
| Phase I |
During the clinical development of a drug, it is tested for the first time on humans in phase I. One studies the effect and safety on a limited group of healthy volunteers (25 - 100 people). |
| Phase II |
A further study on patients (50 - 300) who have the disease that the drug in question is intended to be used on. It is a study of effect and safety. |
| Phase III |
The final phase that consists of an expanded group of patients (300 - 3000) in order to verify the effect of the drug and catch side-effects that have been noticed earlier. |
| Phase IV |
After launching the finished product, a follow-up study is made, especially of rare side-effects |
| Platinum |
A precious metal. It is used as a method of treatment in oncology; either by itself or in combination with other substances. |
| Premedication |
Prophylatic treatment with certain drugs before and / or during the main treatment of the disease in question. This is often done since the main treatment otherwise entails entirely too drastic side-effects. |
| Prophylatic |
Preventive treatment with difference substances. As an example can be mentioned vitamins and anti-inflammatory substances before treatment with cytostatics. |
| PVC |
Polyvinylchloride. A form of plastic |
| Randomized |
Randomly selected. It is customary to randomize groups of patients in clinical studies. It is held that if those who have received the drug and those who have received a placebo have been randomly selected, this will enhance credibility and statistical accuracy. |
| RECIST |
Response evaluation criteria in solid tumours |
| Resistance |
Remaining unaffected. A tumor or an individual can be or develop resistance to a treatment. Regardless how much the dose of the drug is increased, no effect is obtained. |
| Retinoid |
A substance similar to vitamin A |
| Steroid |
A group of substances that contribute to the growth and repair of body tissues and is used in health care. |
| Taxanes |
A group of chemicals that originally were extracted from the yew tree. The group belongs to the most commonly used substances against tumor diseases today. |
| Toxic |
Poisonous |
| WHO |
World Health Organisation. The UN body for global health. |
